MACHINING

To ensure durability and resistance, we apply the following heat treatments according to the specific requirements of each component: • Case Hardening (Carburising) → Increases surface hardness by adding carbon to the steel’s outer layer, while maintaining core toughness. • Nitriding → Introduces nitrogen into the steel surface, enhancing wear and corrosion resistance without requiring post-hardening. • Austempering → Provides high toughness and impact resistance by cooling the steel at an intermediate temperature in a salt bath. • Martempering → Similar to conventional quenching but reduces internal stresses by controlling the cooling process before final hardening.

- Conventional Quenching (Full Hardening) → Steel is heated above the critical temperature and rapidly cooled (water, oil, or air).  • Advantage: High hardness throughout the component.  • Risk: Internal stresses may cause cracks. - Surface Quenching (Induction or Flame Hardening) → Only the surface is heated and rapidly cooled.  • Advantage: High wear resistance without compromising core toughness.  • Application: Gears, shafts, crankshafts. - Martempering  → Controlled cooling in a hot bath, followed by air cooling.  • Advantage: Reduces stresses and prevents cracking.  • Application: Thick components requiring high impact resistance. - Austempering → Intermediate cooling to form bainite (instead of martensite).  • Advantage: High toughness and impact resistance.  • Application: Springs, blades, gears exposed to impact. - Direct Quenching → Steel is heated and directly quenched in the cooling medium.  • Advantage: Simple and efficient process.  • Application: Tools and mechanical components. - Interrupted Quenching → Initial rapid cooling, followed by slower cooling.  • Advantage: Reduces brittleness and internal stresses.  • Application: Thick-walled components. - Isothermal Quenching → Steel is held at a constant temperature before final cooling.  • Advantage: Improved balance between hardness and ductility.  • Application: Structural components requiring strength and flexibility.